Vacuum is not the absence of engineering — it is the presence of extreme precision. Vapor Vacuum designs the chambers, pumping systems, and leak detection infrastructure required for physics at 10⁻¹⁰ torr and below. The division supplies ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and extreme-high vacuum (XHV) systems to particle accelerators, gravitational wave detectors, surface science laboratories, and every Laks division that operates in vacuum: Antimatter Production (Penning traps), Stellar Furnace (neutral beam injectors), Highfield Magnetics (cryostat insulation), and Plasma Press (ablation chambers). Core technologies include non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings, ion getter pumps, turbomolecular pumps, and residual gas analysis. Outgassing — the slow release of adsorbed molecules from chamber walls — is the rate-limiting factor at XHV pressures and the primary focus of materials R&D.

1. Extreme High Vacuum (CERN Accelerator School, 1999)  [CERN]
2. LHC: The World’s Largest Vacuum Systems Being Operated at CERN (Vacuum, 2009)  [ScienceDirect]
3. Non-Evaporable Getter Coating Chambers for Extreme High Vacuum (arXiv, 2018)  [arXiv]
4. Vacuum System for the High Luminosity LHC (arXiv, 2017)  [arXiv]
5. Physics of Outgassing (CERN Accelerator School, 1999)  [CERN]
6. Outgassing Properties of Vacuum Materials for Particle Accelerators (CERN, 2020)  [CERN]
7. Ion Getter Pumps (arXiv, 2020)  [arXiv]
8. Multidisciplinary Design Strategies for Turbomolecular Pumps with Ultrahigh Vacuum Performance (IEEE, 2019)  [IEEE]
9. Structural Optimization and Flow Field Analysis of Turbomolecular Pump (Scientific Reports, 2024)  [Nature]
10. Accelerator Vacuum (arXiv, 2021)  [arXiv]
11. Materials for Accelerator Vacuum Systems (CERN Accelerator School, 1999)  [CERN]
12. Leak Detection (CERN Accelerator School, 2007)  [CERN]